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| :Find Type- | | :Find Type- |
| :Find Date- | | :Find Date- |
− | :Total length- | + | :Total length- L:40.8cm, W:5.5cm, weight:941gr (MAA Online Catalogue) |
| :Blade- | | :Blade- |
− | :Socket- | + | :Socket- Still has a rivet in position |
| :Comments- | | :Comments- |
| :Bibliography- | | :Bibliography- |
| :*Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (2015) | | :*Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (2015) |
| + | :*[http://maa.cam.ac.uk/ MAA Online Catalogue] |
| |i1none=X | | |i1none=X |
| |i2h=60px | | |i2h=60px |
Revision as of 10:15, 22 November 2015
Viking Age Compendium articles on Spears and Banners: Viking Age Compendium articles on Spears and Banners:
The catalogue follows Thålin groups and then subdivided by Petersen's [PETERSEN 1919] types. Winged spearheads have been ground together in their own section and also include finds from outside of Britain.
Each entry consists of the following components:
- Current location- The Musuem and catalogue number.
- Find Type- River find, grave find or stray. Also includes any proposed period dating.
- Find Date- The year that the find was discovered.
- Total length- The length, width, etc of the find
- Blade- The length, width, etc of the blade. Plus any published sugestions of typology.
- Socket- The length, width, etc of the blade plus decription of any decoration.
- Comments- Any other information or opinions.
- Bibliography- A list of published references.
Dimensions are given where known and can be stated in either imperial or metric measurements. Reference is sometimes made to Rygh types. Rygh’s [RYGH 1885] book illustrates examples of many pre-historic objects from Norway. These are designated as R.xxx where xxx is Rygh’s figure number.
Thålin Group 1
Leaf-shaped Spearheads (Pre 900AD)
Petersen Types A-E
Group 1 consists of Petersen types A, B, C, D1 and E. They are all types with a lancoid blade and gradual transition from socket to blade.
Petersen Type D1
Long socket with a long narrow leaf shaped blade.
Similar to the type C but with a narrower blade and longer socket. Petersen discuss types D1 and D2 together and dates them to the C10th and in Norway they are found with Swords or types: S, Q, Special 20 and 1 with a type H. Also with Axe types: I-K and shields of R565.
|
England, Yorkshire: River Ouse
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Yorkshire Museum:
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- L:43.4 x W:5.2cm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Nottinghamshire: Nottingham
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum:
- Find Type- Grave find, C9th
- Find Date-
- Total length- L: 62.2cm (24.5” long x 2.5” wide)
- Blade- Type C-D
- Socket- Affixed to a wooden shaft by a brass pin
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
- The Archaeological Journal VIII p.424-425
|
England, Cambridgeshire: River Ouse, Braham's Farm
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: 1929.283
- Find Type- River find.
- Find Date- 1929?
- Total length-
- Blade- Pattern-welded
- Socket- Richly inlaid with silver, copper and ornaments of gold
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Wandsworth
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Museum of London:
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
Petersen Type E
Short socket with a subtle transition into a long leaf shaped blade.
Petersen describes the blades of this type as having 'an almost regular width' along its length and it being 'not especially pointed'. In Norway found with Swords or types: C, D, E and H. Axes of types: A, D and 1 of C. Shield boss type: R564
|
England, Hertfordshire: Nazeing
- Current Location-
- Current Location- ?
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- L.249mm x W.21mm
- Blade- L.? x W.? x T.7mm
- Socket- broken (under 20mm diamter)
- Comments- This socketed spear-head has a well-preserved blade, but very corroded and broken socket. Dated by Petersen to the 8th and 9th centuries
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: River Thames
- Current Location-
- Current Location- ?
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- L.249mm x W.21mm
- Blade- L.? x W.? x T.7mm
- Socket- broken (under 20mm diamter)
- Comments- Fuglesang has suggested that this spear resembles a type E spear.
- Bibliography-
|
Thålin Group 2
Angular Spearheads with Short Sockets (950-1075AD)
Petersen Types D2, G & H
Group 2 consists of Petersen types D:2, G and H. They are all types with edge shoulders placed low on the blade and a short conical socket with marked narrowing below the blade.
Fuglesang includes the winged spears of Petersens type D2 in with this group as she removed wings as a determinant of typology making Petersens D2 and G types the same.
It has also been suggested by Fuglesang and Petersen that type G spearheads without wings may be of eastern origin with the majority of finds coming from Sweden and Finland. A few decorated type G spears have been found with Urnes style decoration.
Petersen Type G
A short, thick socket that usually continues partly into the blade. The blade is quite flat.
Petersen matches this type in Norway to Swords of types: R, S, Q, 2 of Y, 1 of X and 1 of AE. Axes of types: L, M. Dates to the second half of the C10th and into the C11th.
Ornamented versions of this type are mainly found in Sweden and the Baltic [PETERSEN 1919].
|
England, Berkshire: River Lodden, Twyford
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1955,0506.1
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: River Thames, Hampton Court
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum:
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket- possible mouldings at base of blade
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Walthamstow
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum:
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
Petersen Type H
In most ways the same as type G except for the moulding at the base of the blade and the socket is slightly longer.
|
England, Cambridgeshire: Soham
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: AEAS. 0115
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket- moulding at the base of the blade
- Comments- Fine spear-head of the late Viking type R.523 (Bjorn & Shetelig 1940)
- Bibliography-
|
England, Cambridgeshire: Ely
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: ?
- Find Type- c.1000
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade- Rygh type R.523 (Bjorn & Shetelig 1940)
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Cambridgeshire: River Cam, Dimmock's Cote nr. Upware
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: 1924.607
- Find Type- River find
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade- like R523 (Bjorn & Shetelig 1940)
- Socket-
- Comments- found with large seax, other spearheads and some clench nails.
- Bibliography-
|
England, Lincolnshire: River Witham, Lincoln
- Current Location-
- Current Location- City and County Museum of Lincoln
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
Petersen Type D2
Similar to type H but with wings (lugs).
Petersen discuss types D1 and D2 together and dates them to the C10th and in Norway they are found with Swords or types: S, Q, Special 20 and 1 with a type H. Also with Axe types: I-K and shields of R565.
|
England, London:
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1856,0701.1449
- Find Type- C9th-C10th
- Find Date- before 1856
- Total length- 485mm
- Blade-
- Socket- domed copper alloy rivets in milled wire collars
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, ?
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: No. 22
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments
- Bibliography-
|
England, ?
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: No. 21
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Bibliography-
|
England, York
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Bronze socket of spearhead from Farnham, C11th. This type of spearhead could be considered to be an eastern (Finish) type except for this find from York and another from the British Museum.
- Bibliography-
|
Thålin Group 3
Angular Spearheads with Long Sockets from Britain (840-1100AD)
Petersen types F, I, K & M
Group 3 consists of Petersen types F, I, K & M. They are all types with a narrow blade which is often shouldered and a socket that is long, narrow and conical.
Fuglesang has studied the K & M types of spearhead that are decorated in Ringerike designs. Due to difficulty in determining the exact typology of many of these spearheads she has introduced a new K/M type that falls between those of Petersens K and M [FUGLESANG 1980].
Petersen Type F
long and thin socket ornamented with encircling ridges and depressions. The blade is widest as it joins the socket.
Found with sword types: M, L, K, H and I. Axes types: E, G and D.
Type F spearheads generally have a length of 30-60cm with most being between 50-60cm. Petersen classes this a very numerous type in Norway and dates it from the middle C9th.[PETERSEN 1919]. Possibly a precursor to type I spears.
|
Isle of Man, Ballateare (F)
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 26.3cm
- Blade- Type F?
- Socket- It has 6 pairs of copper-alloy rivets.
- Comments- A Norwegian type (Bersu & Wilson 1966)
- Bibliography-
|
England, Cumberland: Hesket-in-Forest, near Carlisle
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 11” long
- Blade-
- Socket- It has 6 pairs of close set rings each with a pair of rivet holes.
- Comments- I consider this to be a transitional type between F and I like those from Bruhaugen in Norway [PETERSEN 1919]:Fig. 16 and Sodermanland in Sweden. [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940]:p.20 Edwards quotes Cowan who considers this spear as a hybrid between Petersen's type F and I.[EDWARDS 1992:P.46]
- Bibliography-
|
England, Oxfordshire: River Thames
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Small spearhead like R529
- Bibliography-
|
Irish Type
Manx Museum
Isle of Man, Cronk Moar
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 52cm
- Blade- Irish type
- Socket-
- Comments- Probably of Irish type. (Bersu & Wilson 1966)
- Bibliography-
|
Isle of Man, Ballateare (I)
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 44.7cm
- Blade- Type I with no rivit holes or an Irish type (Bersu & Wilson 1966)
- Socket- No row of rivet holes.
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
|
Petersen Type I
The socket commonly has 11 pairs of holes originally with bronze rivets. Some have up to 15 pairs of holes. Petersen classes these as not numerous in Norway [PETERSEN 1919].
|
England, Cumberland, Hesket-in-Forest, near Carlisle
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 17 5/8” long with its tip missing.
- Blade-
- Socket- It has 7 pairs of rivet holes.
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
Petersen Type K
These spears have slender long sockets and have short transition between socket and blade. [PETERSEN 1919]
|
Isle of Man, Ballateare (K)
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 60.0cm
- Blade- Type K
- Socket-
- Comments- Has no prominent rib and so may be of Irish manufacture (Bersu & Wilson 1966)
- Bibliography-
|
Isle of Man: Balladoyne
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- L:20-25”
- Blade-
- Socket- Inside the socket are fragments of fine linen fabric which had been bound twice around the point of the wooden shaft.
- Comments- Type K, very rusty. A thin disk is attached to the socket.
- Bibliography-
|
Wales, Caerwent, Insula XII
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Newport Museum & Art Gallery: NPTMG:D2/43
- Find Type- Burial?
- Find Date- 1910/11
- Total length- L:550mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Found with an Axe
- Bibliography-
|
England, Yorkshire: York
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Yorkshire: Camphill near Bedale
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Long and slender late Viking - Type K?
- Bibliography-
|
Kings Lynn Museum
England, Norfolk: Burnham Thorpe
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Kings Lynn Museum: 1971.77
- Find Type-
- Find Date- 1971?
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
|
England, Cambridgeshire: Ely
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- found in the fens
- Bibliography-
|
England, Surry, Sunbury Weir
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Reading Museum
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade- Central panel of herring-bone pattern welding
- Socket- Tubular socket
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Berkshire, Cookham
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Reading Museum
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade- Central panel of herring-bone pattern welding
- Socket- Split socket
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Berkshire, Cookham
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1868,0128.2
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 37cm
- Blade-
- Socket- Split socket
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London, Thames at Kingston
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Reading Museum
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade- Central panel of herring-bone pattern welding
- Socket- Split socket
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Old London Bridge (K9)
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 23352
- Find Type- River find. Part of a group of 16 items including 6 type k spearheads. Dated to the early C11th.
- Find Date- 1920s
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- "traces of a serrated band of inlay along each side of the mid-rib"[WHEELER 1927]:p.23
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Old London Bridge (K10)
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 23348
- Find Type- River find. Part of a group of 16 items including 6 type k spearheads. Dated to the early C11th.
- Find Date- 1920s
- Total length- L:372mm x W:26mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Old London Bridge (K11)
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 23350
- Find Type- River find. Part of a group of 16 items including 6 type k spearheads. Dated to the early C11th.
- Find Date- 1920s
- Total length- L:420mm x W:40mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- "has slight traces of a zigzag strip of inlay down each side of the central rib."(WHEELER 1927,p.20)
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Old London Bridge (K12)
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 23351
- Find Type- River find. Part of a group of 16 items including 6 type k spearheads. Dated to the early C11th.
- Find Date- 1920s
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket- fragment of wooden shaft in socket (WHEELER 1927,p.23)
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Old London Bridge (K13)
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 23349
- Find Type- River find. Part of a group of 16 items including 6 type k spearheads. Dated to the early C11th.
- Find Date- 1920s
- Total length- L:512mm x W:35mm
- Blade-
- Socket- fragment of wooden shaft in socket.
- Comments- slight moulding at base of blade
- Bibliography-
|
England, London, Old London Bridge (K14)
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 23353
- Find Type- River find. Part of a group of 16 items including 6 type k spearheads. Dated to the early C11th.
- Find Date- 1920s
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket- "The socket ls decorated with an elaborate interlacing pattern, inlaid in white metal; above this, the neck of the spear has eight facets, each bearing an inlaid key pattern. The lower end of the socket is damaged. but can be to some extent reconstructed from a strikingly similar spearhead found at Hyilestad, north of Bergen in Norway."[WHEELER 1927]:p.20 Wheeler identifies the decoration as Ringerike.
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: Putney
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 25395
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London, nr. Tate Gallery
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 14746
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London, Thames River
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum 1893,0715.2
- Find Type- Unknown, probably a River find.
- Find Date- 1848
- Total length- L:546mm x W:23
- Blade-
- Socket- D:20mm
- Comments- socket covered with alternating silver and copper chevrons.[BJORN & SHETELIG 1940]:p.84 This type of decoration is known mainly from Norway.[GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:p.73]
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: River Thames
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1854,0330.1
- Find Type- River. C9th-C11th
- Find Date- 1854
- Total length- L.744mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Split socket and grooves around junction
- Bibliography-
|
England, London:
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1856,0701.1441
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 28.7cm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: River Thames
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1856,0401.1376
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- (24")
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London, Thames at Ditton
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1862,0802.3
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 47cm (18")
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1855,1029.1
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- 29.5cm (12")
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London: River Thames at Battersea
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1857,0623.3
- Find Type- River. C9th-C10th
- Find Date- 1857
- Total length- 494mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
- [British Museum (image)]
|
Petersen Type M
Similar to type K, but shorter, and they have the widest part of the blade further towards the tip than type K's. These date mostly to the C11th. [PETERSEN 1919] Fuglesang has redefined the difference between types K and M by measuring the distance from the mouth of the socket to the widest part of the blade (the shoulder). [FUGLESANG 1980]
- Type K: 1:3 to 1:3.8
- Type K/M: 1:2.4 to 1:3
- Type M: 1:1.6 to 1:2.4
|
Scotland, Kiloran Bay, Colonsay
- Current Location-
- Current Location- National Museum of Scotland
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- original length:63.5cm
- Blade- in more than 5 badly rusted fragments. width:6.5cm
- Socket- with preserved rivets
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Kidlington, River Cherwell
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Ashmolean Museum: 1949/928
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Herefordshire, Lugg Mills
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Hereford Museum
- Find Type-
- Find Date- 1973
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Unpublished
- Bibliography-
|
Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
England, Cambridgeshire:
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: Z 1390
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- L:40.8cm, W:5.5cm, weight:941gr (MAA Online Catalogue)
- Blade-
- Socket- Still has a rivet in position
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Cambridgeshire:
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: 1934.895 A
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
- Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (2015)
|
|
England, Essex, Nazeing
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length- L:246mm x W:35mm
- Blade- T:6mm
- Socket- D:18 mm
- Comments- Decoration between blade and socket consists of a barrel-shaped collar with two ribs above and below it. These had been forged by cutting into the spear when hot during manufacture. Pattern-welded blade.
- Bibliography-
|
England, London:
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1856,0701.1452
- Find Type- ?
- Find Date- ?
- Total length- 37.9cm
- Blade-
- Socket- Silver inlay.
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London, Thames at Datchet
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum: A 17479
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Unpublished
- Bibliography-
|
England, London, Thames Street
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum:
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, London
- Current Location-
- Current Location- London Museum:
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Unprovenanced, but found in London
- Bibliography-
|
England, Berkshire, Pangbourne
- Current Location-
- Current Location- British Museum: 1856,0701.1377
- Find Type
- Find Date-1856
- Total length- 382mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Purchased from Charles Roach Smith
- Bibliography-
- [British Museum (image)]
|
Unclassified Spearheads
Wales, Flintshire, Talacre
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type- grave
- Find Date-1930
- Total length- 500mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Kentmere
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Kendal Borough Museum: We. SD 456 028
- Find Type-
- Find Date-1942
- Total length- 343mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Type M but with a split socket
- Bibliography-
|
England, Kentmere
- Current Location-
- Current Location- Kendal Borough Museum: We. c.SD 456 028
- Find Type-
- Find Date-1942
- Total length- 400mm
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Estheaite
- Current Location-
- Current Location- La. c.SD 360 960
- Find Type-
- Find Date-1976
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Type F
- Bibliography-
|
England, Lancaster
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments-
- Bibliography-
|
England, Nan Bield Pass
- Current Location-
- Current Location-
- Find Type-
- Find Date-
- Total length-
- Blade-
- Socket-
- Comments- Unpublished
- Bibliography-
|
The following spearheads are referenced but have both no associated image and no type mentioned.
- Magdalen Bridge, Oxford, England [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940]:P.12
- West Ham, near Basingstoke, Hants, England. Possibly Saxon [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940]:P.15
- Ballaugh, Isle of Man (Lost) [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940]:P.22
- Boiden, near the lower Bridge of Froon, Scotland (Lost) The spear-head is 11 in. long and 2 in. broad.
- Scotland, Eriskay. 3.5" long and broken at the socket. leaf shaped blade. [GRIEG 1940]:p.73 Javelin?
Winged
Unclassifiable Spearheads
The following spearhead remains are either too fragmentary or have been lost so that a type cannot be ascertained.
- England, Lancashire, Claughton Hall, near Gortstaug. (Lost) [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940]:P.18 [EDWARDS 1992:P.46]
- Scotland, Eigg. Grave 2. Only the spearhead socket survives complete with some parts of the wooden shaft. [GRIEG 1940]:p.68
Select Bibliography