Changes
/* England */
{{stars2|Category = Weapons}}
{{TOClimit|3}}
{{Swords}}
==The Evidence==
===Art===
----
The following images show help to show how scabbards of the period may have worked.
====Anglo-Saxon====
<gallery mode=Packed heights=180px 140px style="text-align:left;">
London, British Library, MS Add. 49598, f095v Sword-b.JPG|AD 971-984 <br> [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Add. 49598|BL Add. 49598 f.95v]]
London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius B V, f039r Sword.JPG|AD 1025-1050<br> [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius B V|BL Cott. Tib. B V f.39r]]
</gallery>
====Summary of Swords from Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Manuscript !! Date !! Total No. of<br>of Swords !! No. ofwhich<br>Swords are held<br>at waist !! Total No. of<br>of Scabbards !! No. ofwhich<br>Scabbardslook like<br>on baldrics !! No ofwhich<br>Scabbardslook like<br>on sword belts
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Add. 49598|BL Add. 49598]] || 971-984 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 1
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Harley 2506|BL Harl. 2506]] || 980-1000 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Cotton Cleopatra C VIII|BL Cott. Cleo. C VIII]] || 980-1000 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Arundel 155|BL Arund. 155]] || 1012-1023 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius B V|BL Cott. Tib. B V]] || 1025-1050 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 1
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Cotton Claudius B IV |BL Cott. Clau. B. IV]] || 1025-1050|| 155 || 31 || 4 || 1 || 2
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Stowe 944 |BL Stow. 944]] || 1031 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[:Category:London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius C VI|BL Cott. Tib. C. VI]] || 1050 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 0
|}
====Carolingian and Ottonian====
<gallery mode=Packed heights=140px style="text-align:left;">
BL. Harl. 647 f08r.JPG|AD 800-899 <br> BL. Harl. 647 f08r
BNF Lat. 266.JPG|AD 849-851 <br>BNF Lat. 266
BNF Lat. 8085 f059r.JPG|AD 800-899 <br>BNF Lat. 8085 f059r
BNF Lat. 8318 f060v.JPG|AD 800-899 <br>BNF Lat. 8318 f060v
BNF Lat. 8318 f062r.JPG|AD 800-899 <br>BNF Lat. 8318 f062r
Rome, San paolo fuori le Mura, b.JPG|AD 869-870 <br>Rome, San paolo
Rome, San paolo fuori le Mura, f.118v.JPG|AD 869-870 <br>Rome, San paolo f118v
Rome, San paolo fuori le Mura,.JPG|AD 869-870 <br>Rome, San paolo
St. Gallen Cod.22 039b.JPG|AD 883-900 <br>St. Gallen Cod.22 039
St. Gallen Cod.22 075.JPG|AD 883-900 <br>St. Gallen Cod.22 075
St. Gallen Cod.22 141.JPG|AD 883-900 <br>St. Gallen Cod.22 141
</gallery>
====Norman====
<gallery mode=Packed heights=140px style="text-align:left;">
</gallery>
<br>
===Literature===
----
* Words for Scabbards
** Umgerð or umgjorð – used for a complete scabbard [DAVIDSON 1962: p.187]
===Archaeology===
----
Scabbards seem to be predominately made up of 4 layer:
* Lining -
* Core -
* Wrapping -
* Cover -
This is probably an over simplification and more information can be found in the Construction section.<br>
<br>
====England====
==== Scotland====
** Sutherland, Balnakiel. Wooden scabbard wrapped with textile. The associated sword was probably an undercoated Petersen type H with a grip bound with horizontal binding of S-plied yarn. [BATEY & PATERSON 2012:p.637-641]** Scar , Orkney. 2 thin laths of wood, either side of the blade and lined with sheepskin or similar. All wrapped in textile. There were no metal fittings associated with the scabbard or any evidence of a leather cover. The associated sword was probably a Petersen type H.[OWEN & DALLAND 1999: p.109-112]
====Ireland====
* Dublin <br>There are 53 fragmentary scabbards from Dublin. Two of which are nearly complete.
====Denmark====
* Hedeby(from the Harbour) <br> 12 swords were recovered from the Harbour at Hedeby. 10 of these had partial remains of scabbards still attached. [HAGG 1991: p.248-268]** A leather Sword 1 - Wooden scabbard from Hedeby of oak. Plied construction. Lined in animal fur. Covered in two layers of leather.<br> The outer horizontal top layer of wood may be of very thin wood or bast (possibly used to bind instead of textile?). The outer layer of leather has 3 diamonds diamond cut outs down its front created by two layers . Two rows, 3cm apart, of leather decorative metal rivets was located in the area of the top mount. [HAGG 1991: p.248-257, p.265]** Sword 2 - Wooden scabbard of beech. Possible leather covering.** Sword 3 - Wooden scabbard of alder. Plied construction.** Sword 4 - Wooden scabbard of beech. Lined in animal fur. Bound in cloth. Covered in leather.** Sword 5 - Wooden scabbard of beech. Lined in animal fur. Covered in two layers of leather.** Sword 6 - Wooden scabbard of alder. Possible leather covering.** Sword 7 - Wooden scabbard of maple. Bound in cloth.** Sword 9 - Not enough remains.** Sword 11 - Wooden scabbard of alder. Lined in animal fur. Covered in leather.** Sword 12 - Wooden scabbard. Plied construction. Lined in animal fur. Bound in cloth. Covered in leather. * Hedeby (from the Graves)
====Germany====
*Essen Minster
** Covered in stamped gold (late C10-11th). [CAMPBELL 1982:p.171].
*Cleverns [BATEY & PATERSON 2012:p.639]
*Schortens [BATEY & PATERSON 2012:p.639]
====Sweden====
{{Ref|Arbman 1940}}
{{Ref|Arwidsson 1986}}
{{Ref|Batey & Paterson 2012}}
{{Ref|Bersu & Wilson 1966}}
{{Ref|Biddle & Kjolbye-Biddle 1992}}
{{Ref|Cameron 2000}}
{{Ref|Cameron 2007}}
{{Ref|Hagg 1991}}
{{Ref|Hedenstierna-Jonson 2006B}}
{{Ref|Macgregor 1982}}
{{Ref|Montembault 1998}}
{{Ref|Mould, Carlisle & Cameron 2003}}
{{Ref|Oakeshott 1991}}
{{Ref|Owen & Dalland 1999}}
{{Ref|Paterson 2014}}
<HarvardReferences />
[[Category:Weapons]]